EMDR

In depth

EMDR therapy works on the principle that traumatic memories are stored differently in the brain than ordinary memories. During EMDR, a therapist guides the client through bilateral stimulation — typically eye movements, but also tapping or auditory tones — while the client focuses on a distressing memory. This process is thought to mimic the memory consolidation that occurs during REM sleep, allowing the brain to reprocess the memory so it no longer triggers intense emotional reactions. Unlike talk therapy, EMDR does not require detailed discussion of the traumatic event or homework between sessions. A typical course of treatment involves 6-12 sessions, each lasting 60-90 minutes.

History

EMDR was discovered in 1987 by psychologist Francine Shapiro while walking in a park. She noticed that moving her eyes back and forth seemed to reduce the intensity of disturbing thoughts. She developed this observation into a structured protocol and published the first research study in 1989. The Journal of Traumatic Stress published her randomized controlled trial in 1989, showing significant improvement in PTSD symptoms. Since then, over 30 randomized controlled trials have validated EMDR's effectiveness.

Key facts

• Developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD in 1987
• Supported by 30+ randomized controlled trials
• Endorsed by WHO, APA, VA/DoD, and NICE guidelines
• Treats PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, and 12+ other conditions
• Typical treatment is 6-12 sessions of 60-90 minutes
• Does not require detailed trauma narration or homework

Frequently asked questions

What does EMDR stand for?

EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. The name reflects the original technique of using eye movements, though modern EMDR can use other forms of bilateral stimulation like tapping or auditory tones.

Is EMDR scientifically proven?

Yes. EMDR has been validated by 30+ randomized controlled trials and is recommended as a first-line treatment for PTSD by the World Health Organization, American Psychological Association, VA/Department of Defense, and UK's NICE guidelines.

How is EMDR different from talk therapy?

Unlike traditional talk therapy, EMDR does not require extensive discussion of the traumatic event. Instead, it uses bilateral stimulation while the client briefly focuses on the memory. Many clients find this less emotionally overwhelming than prolonged exposure approaches.