The 8 Phases of EMDR

In depth

Phase 1 (History-taking) involves gathering information about the client's history and identifying target memories for processing. Phase 2 (Preparation) establishes trust and teaches coping skills like the Safe Place exercise. Phase 3 (Assessment) activates the target memory by identifying the image, negative belief, desired positive belief, emotions, and body sensations. Phase 4 (Desensitization) is the core reprocessing phase using bilateral stimulation until distress decreases. Phase 5 (Installation) strengthens the positive belief. Phase 6 (Body Scan) checks for residual physical tension. Phase 7 (Closure) ensures stability before ending the session. Phase 8 (Reevaluation) reviews progress at the start of subsequent sessions.

Key facts

• Developed by Francine Shapiro as a standardized protocol
• Phase 4 (Desensitization) is the active reprocessing phase
• Phases 1-2 may take 1-3 sessions before reprocessing begins
• The protocol ensures thorough processing of each memory
• Therapists are trained to follow the phases in sequence
• Some memories may be fully processed in a single session

Frequently asked questions

How long does each phase take?

Phases 1-2 typically take 1-3 sessions. Phases 3-7 can occur within a single session for straightforward memories, though complex trauma may require multiple sessions per memory. Phase 8 occurs at the start of each follow-up session.

Do all EMDR therapists follow the 8 phases?

Yes. The 8-phase protocol is the standard of care for EMDR therapy. EMDRIA-trained therapists learn and practice this protocol. Deviating from the phases is not considered proper EMDR treatment.

What happens if processing isn't complete by the end of a session?

Phase 7 (Closure) ensures the client leaves the session in a stable state even if processing is incomplete. The therapist uses calming techniques and the work continues in the next session.