Target Memory
A target memory in EMDR therapy is the specific distressing experience selected for reprocessing. During Phase 3 (Assessment), the therapist and client identify the memory's image, negative self-belief, desired positive belief, emotions, and body sensations. This target becomes the focus of bilateral stimulation in Phase 4 (Desensitization) until fully processed.
In depth
EMDR treatment is organized around processing specific target memories. In Phase 1 (History-taking), the therapist works with the client to identify all the memories contributing to current symptoms. These are prioritized into a treatment plan. A single target memory is selected for each reprocessing session. In Phase 3 (Assessment), the target is "activated" by identifying: (1) the image representing the worst part of the memory; (2) the negative cognition — a negative belief about self linked to the memory (e.g., "I am powerless"); (3) the positive cognition — the preferred belief (e.g., "I am capable"); (4) the current validity of cognition (VOC) rating; (5) the emotions and (6) physical sensations triggered. This assessment ensures the memory is fully accessed before reprocessing begins.
Key facts
- Selected in Phase 1, activated in Phase 3
- Includes image, negative belief, positive belief, emotions, body sensations
- SUD (Subjective Units of Disturbance) rates distress 0-10
- VOC (Validity of Cognition) rates belief strength 1-7
- Processing continues until SUD reaches 0-1
- Multiple targets may be needed for complex trauma
Frequently asked questions
- How do we choose which memory to target first?
- Typically, the therapist starts with either the earliest related memory (to address the root) or the most distressing current trigger. Treatment planning considers safety, client preference, and what's most likely to provide relief.
- Do I have to describe the memory in detail?
- No. Unlike some therapies, EMDR doesn't require you to verbally recount the full trauma narrative. You hold the memory in mind during processing, but the therapist doesn't need every detail — only enough to assess it properly.
- What if multiple memories are connected?
- Related memories often process together. When one target memory is reprocessed, it can create a "ripple effect" that reduces distress in related memories. This is why EMDR often works faster than expected.
Related terms: 8 phases of emdr · emdr · trauma reprocessing · adaptive information processing
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